Exhibit in Residence Focuses on German Jewish Scientists, Their Contributions and Their Fates

May 14, 2012

Dr. Eisinger, Kahn Strauss, Ambassador Ammon Enlarge image Dr. Eisinger, Carol Kahn Strauss of the Leo Baeck Institute and Ambassador Ammon (© Germany.info / by J. DeTiege)

A new exhibit at the residence of German Ambassador Peter Ammon highlights the extraordinary contributions of German Jews in the fields of natural science, mathematics and medicine in Germany and for Germany in the 18th, 19th and 20th centuries. Ambassador Ammon opened the exhibit, “Faith in Reason: Breakthroughs in Scientific Inquiry,” which displays artifacts and materials from the Leo Baeck Institute in New York, on May 10.

Speaking at the reception, the Ambassador pointed out that of the 170 Nobel Prize winners of the Jewish faith, 41 come from German-speaking countries. Many Jewish people of German heritage lead prestigious and important scientific institutions and university faculties. People like Albert Einstein, Lisa Meitner, Fritz Haber and others have with their work advanced Germany as much as their new home after their flight, often the USA, benefited from their brilliance. The Ambassador also recalled the tragic side of many of their biographies. Most of these scientists had to leave Germany after the National Socialists took over power in 1933 and faced an uncertain future in exile. Moreover, untold numbers fell victim to Nazi crimes.

Viewing the exhibit Enlarge image (© Germany.info / by J. DeTiege) The story does not end there, however, the Ambassador pointed out. “A crime against humanity, against free societies and also against science and art. But – and this is crucial – it has not become the final chapter in our shared history.”

Carol Kahn Straus, executive director of the Leo Baeck Institute New York, especially underscored the role of female German Jewish scientists in her remarks. Women scientists in Germany, as  pioneers in their field, were often active in unusually high positions of responsibility.

Dr. Josef Eisinger, physicist and professor emeritus at Mount Sinai School of Medicine in New York, highlighted the work and the fate of individual scientists presented in the exhibit. He focuses especially on Albert Einstein, about whose travels Dr. Eisinger has recently published an entertaining book called “Einstein on the Road.”

Pioneers, Thinkers, Nobel Laureates

Ephraim Salomon Unger, mathematician Enlarge image This exhibition section on mathematician Ephraim Salomon Unger features a portrait and other artifacts. (© Germany.info / by J. DeTiege) Among the preeminent German and German-speaking Jewish scientists featured in the exhibit are:

Isaachar Baer Teller, physician (b. 1687)

Marcus Elieser Bloch, physician and zoologist (1723-1799)

Ephraim Salomon Unger, mathematician (1789-1870)

Paul Ehrlich, medicine (1854-1915)

August von Wasserman, bacteriologist (1866-1925)

Sigmund Freud (1856-1939)

Rahel Hirsch, medicine (1870-1953)

Marta Fraenkel, medicine (1895-1976)

Lise Meitner, nuclear physicist (1878-1968)

Otto Hahn, Nobel Prize in physics 1944 ()

Fritz Haber, Nobel Prize in chemistry (1868-1934)

Nobel Laureates who found refuge in the United States

Albert Michelson, 1907 – Physics

Otto Meyerhof, 1922 – Medicine

Albert Einstein, 1921 – Physics

James Franck, 1925 – Physics

Otto Loewi, 1936 – Medicine

Otto Stern, 1943 – Physics

Felix Bloch, 1952 – Physics

Fritz Lipmann, 1953 – Medicine

Konrad Bloch, 1964 – Medicine

Hans Bethe, 1967 – Physics

Arno Penzias, 1978 – Physics

Jack Steinberger, 1988 – Physics

Walter Kohn, 1998 – Chemistry

Eric Kandel, 2000 – Medicine

© Germany.info

"Faith in Reason"

Leo Baeck Institute

The Leo Baeck Institute is a research library and archive that contains the most significant collection of source material relating to the history of German-speaking Jewry, from its origins to its tragic destruction by the Nazis and continuing to the present day. Founded in 1955, the LBI was named for the rabbi who was the last leader of the Jewish community in Germany under the Nazis. Rabbi Leo Baeck survived the concentration camp of Theresienstadt to become the first president of the Institute. The Institute was set up with offices in New York, London and Jerusalem, with New York the site of the LBI library and archives. Since the opening of the Jewish Museum Berlin, LBI NY also maintains a branch of its archives there.

Historic Responsibility

Holocaust Memmorial, Berlin, (c) picture-alliance/Paul Mayall

Germany is profoundly aware of the historic responsibility it bears toward the Jewish community and toward the State of Israel as a result of the crimes of the Nazi regime. This responsibility, a cornerstone of German policy, requires remembrance, reconciliation and ongoing vigilance now and in the future.